- to
speak of
thousands or
millions of tonnes. Kilotonne, megatonne, and
gigatonne are more
usually used for the
energy of
nuclear explosions and
other events...
- (approximately 900
gigatonnes of
carbon — each ppm
corresponds to 2.13 Gt) and
dissolved in all
water bodies (approximately 36,000
gigatonnes of carbon). Carbon...
-
those ecosystems.
Plants form
about 80% of the
world biom**** at
about 450
gigatonnes (4.4×1011 long tons; 5.0×1011
short tons) of carbon.
Numerous animals...
- from
anthropogenic sources (left) into Earth's atmosphere, land, and
ocean sinks (right)
since the 1960s.
Units in
equivalent gigatonnes carbon per year....
-
mantle has
roughly one
billion gigatonnes of
carbon (for comparison, the atmosphere-ocean
system has
about 44,000
gigatonnes).
Carbon has two
stable isotopes...
- the Earth's
plant biom****. Net
primary production is
estimated at 21.9
gigatonnes of biom**** per year for
tropical forests, 8.1 for
temperate forests, and...
-
prevented an
average of 1.84
million air pollution-related
deaths and 64
gigatonnes of CO2-equivalent (GtCO2-eq)
greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions that would...
- rose from
around 400 ppm to 2,500 ppm with
approximately 3,900 to 12,000
gigatonnes of
carbon being added to the ocean-atmosphere
system during this period...
-
Oldfield said the
project would have a
carbon footprint of
about 1.8
gigatonnes (2,000 million
short tons) of CO2
equivalent in the gl****, steel, and...
- 300 ppm or ****ulative
carbon emissions exceed 1000 Pg C" (i.e. 1,000
gigatonnes carbon). "Only for an
atmospheric CO2
content below the preindustrial...
