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AppertainingAppertain Ap`per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Appertained; p.
pr. & vb. n. Appertaining.] [OE. apperteinen, apertenen,
OF. apartenir, F. appartenir, fr. L. appertinere; ad +
pertinere to reach to, belong. See Pertain.]
To belong or pertain, whether by right, nature, appointment,
or custom; to relate.
Things appertaining to this life. --Hooker.
Give it unto him to whom it appertaineth. --Lev. vi. 5. AscertainingAscertain As`cer*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ascertained; p.
pr. & vb. n. Ascertaining.] [OF. acertener; a (L. ad) +
certain. See Certain.]
1. To render (a person) certain; to cause to feel certain; to
make confident; to assure; to apprise. [Obs.]
When the blessed Virgin was so ascertained. --Jer.
Taylor.
Muncer assured them that the design was approved of
by Heaven, and that the Almighty had in a dream
ascertained him of its effects. --Robertson.
2. To make (a thing) certain to the mind; to free from
obscurity, doubt, or change; to make sure of; to fix; to
determine. [Archaic]
The divine law . . . ascertaineth the truth.
--Hooker.
The very deferring [of his execution] shall increase
and ascertain the condemnation. --Jer. Taylor.
The ministry, in order to ascertain a majority . . .
persuaded the queen to create twelve new peers.
--Smollett.
The mildness and precision of their laws ascertained
the rule and measure of taxation. --Gibbon.
3. To find out or learn for a certainty, by trial,
examination, or experiment; to get to know; as, to
ascertain the weight of a commodity, or the purity of a
metal.
He was there only for the purpose of ascertaining
whether a descent on England was practicable.
--Macaulay. AttainingAttain At*tain" ([a^]t*t[=a]n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Attained (-t[=a]nd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Attaining.] [Of.
atteinen, atteignen, atainen, OF. ateindre, ataindre, F.
atteindre, fr. L. attingere; ad + tangere to touch, reach.
See Tangent, and cf. Attinge, Attaint.]
1. To achieve or accomplish, that is, to reach by efforts; to
gain; to compass; as, to attain rest.
Is he wise who hopes to attain the end without the
means? --Abp.
Tillotson.
2. To gain or obtain possession of; to acquire. [Obs. with a
material object.] --Chaucer.
3. To get at the knowledge of; to ascertain. [Obs.]
Not well attaining his meaning. --Fuller.
4. To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive
at. ``Canaan he now attains.' --Milton.
5. To overtake. [Obs.] --Bacon.
6. To reach in excellence or degree; to equal.
Syn: To Attain, Obtain, Procure.
Usage: Attain always implies an effort toward an object.
Hence it is not synonymous with obtain and procure,
which do not necessarily imply such effort or motion.
We procure or obtain a thing by purchase or loan, and
we obtain by inheritance, but we do not attain it by
such means. BerainingBerain Be*rain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berained; p. pr. & vb.
n. Beraining.]
To rain upon; to wet with rain. [Obs.] --Chaucer. BrainingBrain Brain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Braining.]
1. To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the
brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to
defeat.
There thou mayst brain him. --Shak.
It was the swift celerity of the death . . . That
brained my purpose. --Shak.
2. To conceive; to understand. [Obs.]
?T is still a dream, or else such stuff as madmen
Tongue, and brain not. --Shak. ChainingChain Chain, v. t. [imp. p. p. Chained (ch[=a]nd); p. pr. &
vb. n. Chaining.]
1. To fasten, bind, or connect with a chain; to fasten or
bind securely, as with a chain; as, to chain a bulldog.
Chained behind the hostile car. --Prior.
2. To keep in slavery; to enslave.
And which more blest? who chained his country, say
Or he whose virtue sighed to lose a day? --Pope.
3. To unite closely and strongly.
And in this vow do chain my soul to thine. --Shak.
4. (Surveying) To measure with the chain.
5. To protect by drawing a chain across, as a harbor. ConstrainingConstrain Con*strain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Constrained; p.
pr. & vb. n. Constraining.] [OF. constraindre, F.
contrainde, L. constringere; con- + stringere to draw tight.
See Strain, and. cf. Constrict, Constringe.]
1. To secure by bonds; to chain; to bond or confine; to hold
tightly; to constringe.
He binds in chains The drowsy prophet, and his limbs
constrains. --Dryden.
When winter frosts constrain the fields with cold.
--Dryden.
2. To bring into a narrow compass; to compress.
How the strait stays the slender waist constrain.
--Gay.
3. To hold back by force; to restrain; to repress.
My sire in caves constrains the winds. --Dryden.
4. To compel; to force; to necessitate; to oblige.
The love of Christ constraineth us. --2. Cor. v.
14.
I was constrained to appeal unto C[ae]sar. --Acts
xxviii. 19.
5. To violate; to ravish. [Obs.] --Shak.
6. To produce in such a manner as to give an unnatural
effect; as, a constrained voice.
Syn: To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press. CurtainingCurtain Cur"tain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Curtained (-t?nd; 48);
p. pr. & vb. n. Curtaining.]
To inclose as with curtains; to furnish with curtains.
So when the sun in bed Curtained with cloudy red.
--Milton. DistrainingDistrain Dis*train", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Distrained; p. pr.
& vb. n. Distraining.] [OE. destreinen to force, OF.
destreindre to press, oppress, force, fr. L. distringere,
districtum, to draw asunder, hinder, molest, LL., to punish
severely; di- = stringere to draw tight, press together. See
Strain, and cf. Distress, District, Distraint.]
1. To press heavily upon; to bear down upon with violence;
hence, to constrain or compel; to bind; to distress,
torment, or afflict. [Obs.] ``Distrained with chains.'
--Chaucer.
2. To rend; to tear. [Obs.]
Neither guile nor force might it [a net] distrain.
--Spenser.
3. (Law)
(a) To seize, as a pledge or indemnification; to take
possession of as security for nonpayment of rent, the
reparation of an injury done, etc.; to take by
distress; as, to distrain goods for rent, or of an
amercement.
(b) To subject to distress; to coerce; as, to distrain a
person by his goods and chattels. DrainingDrain Drain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Draining.] [AS. drehnigean to drain, strain; perh. akin to
E. draw.]
1. To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or
off; hence, to cause the exhaustion of.
Fountains drain the water from the ground adjacent.
--Bacon.
But it was not alone that the he drained their
treasure and hampered their industry. --Motley.
2. To exhaust of liquid contents by drawing them off; to make
gradually dry or empty; to remove surface water, as from
streets, by gutters, etc.; to deprive of moisture; hence,
to exhaust; to empty of wealth, resources, or the like;
as, to drain a country of its specie.
Sinking waters, the firm land to drain, Filled the
capacious deep and formed the main. --Roscommon.
3. To filter.
Salt water, drained through twenty vessels of earth,
hath become fresh. --Bacon. DrainingDraining Drain"ing, vb. n. of Drain, v. t. (Agric.)
The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.
Draining tile. Same as Draintile. Draining tileDraining Drain"ing, vb. n. of Drain, v. t. (Agric.)
The art of carrying off surplus water, as from land.
Draining tile. Same as Draintile. draining tileDraintile Drain"tile`, n.
A hollow tile used in making drains; -- called also draining
tile. EngrainingEngrain En*grain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Engrained; p. pr. &
vb. n. Engraining.] [Pref. en- + grain. Cf. Ingrain.]
1. To dye in grain, or of a fast color. See Ingrain.
Leaves engrained in lusty green. --Spenser.
2. To incorporate with the grain or texture of anything; to
infuse deeply. See Ingrain.
The stain hath become engrained by time. --Sir W.
Scott.
3. To color in imitation of the grain of wood; to grain. See
Grain, v. t., 1. ExplainingExplain Ex*plain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Explained; p. pr. &
vb. n. Explaining.] [L. explandare to flatten, spread out,
explain; ex out+plandare to make level or plain, planus
plain: cf. OF. esplaner, explaner. See Plain,a., and cf.
Esplanade.]
1. To flatten; to spread out; to unfold; to expand. [Obs.]
The horse-chestnut is . . . ready to explain its
leaf. --Evelyn.
2. To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of
obscurity; to expound; to unfold and illustrate the
meaning of; as, to explain a chapter of the Bible.
Commentators to explain the difficult passages to
you. --Gay.
To explain away, to get rid of by explanation. ``Those
explain the meaning quite away.' --Pope.
Syn: To expound; interpret; elucidate; clear up. Fan trainingTraining Train"ing, n.
The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising,
disciplining, etc.; education.
Fan training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit
trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall
radiate from the stem like a fan.
Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training
fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall
spread out laterally in a horizontal direction.
Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a.
Training day, a day on which a military company assembles
for drill or parade. [U. S.]
Training ship, a vessel on board of which boys are trained
as sailors.
Syn: See Education. Gaining twistGain Gain, v. i.
To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to
grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to
make progress; as, the sick man gains daily.
Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by
extortion. --Ezek. xxii.
12.
Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves,
which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle.
To gain on or upon.
(a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land.
(b) To obtain influence with.
(c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or
contest.
(d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of.
The English have not only gained upon the Venetians
in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice
itself. --Addison.
My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor,
that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. --Swift. GrainingGrain Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Graining.]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the
grain of (leather, etc.). Graining
Graining Grain"ing, n.
1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins.
--Locke.
2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is
softened and the grain raised.
3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood,
atone, etc.
4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent
lye, as with salt.
Graining
Graining Grain"ing, n. (Zo["o]l.)
A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); -
called also dobule, and dace.
Horizontal trainingTraining Train"ing, n.
The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising,
disciplining, etc.; education.
Fan training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit
trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall
radiate from the stem like a fan.
Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training
fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall
spread out laterally in a horizontal direction.
Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a.
Training day, a day on which a military company assembles
for drill or parade. [U. S.]
Training ship, a vessel on board of which boys are trained
as sailors.
Syn: See Education. IngrainingIngrain In"grain`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ingrained; p. pr. &
vb. n. Ingraining.] [Written also engrain.]
1. To dye with or in grain or kermes.
2. To dye in the grain, or before manufacture.
3. To work into the natural texture or into the mental or
moral constitution of; to stain; to saturate; to imbue; to
infix deeply.
Our fields ingrained with blood. --Daniel.
Cruelty and jealousy seem to be ingrained in a man
who has these vices at all. --Helps. InterchainingInterchain In`ter*chain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Interchained;
p. pr. & vb. n. Interchaining.]
To link together; to unite closely or firmly, as by a chain.
Two bosoms interchained with an oath. --Shak. MaintainingMaintain Main*tain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Maintained; p. pr. &
vb. n. Maintaining.] [OE. maintenen, F. maintenir,
properly, to hold by the hand; main hand (L. manus) + F.
tenir to hold (L. tenere). See Manual, and Tenable.]
1. To hold or keep in any particular state or condition; to
support; to sustain; to uphold; to keep up; not to suffer
to fail or decline; as, to maintain a certain degree of
heat in a furnace; to maintain a fence or a railroad; to
maintain the digestive process or powers of the stomach;
to maintain the fertility of soil; to maintain present
reputation.
2. To keep possession of; to hold and defend; not to
surrender or relinquish.
God values . . . every one as he maintains his post.
--Grew.
3. To continue; not to suffer to cease or fail.
Maintain talk with the duke. --Shak.
4. To bear the expense of; to support; to keep up; to supply
with what is needed.
Glad, by his labor, to maintain his life.
--Stirling.
What maintains one vice would bring up two children.
--Franklin.
5. To affirm; to support or defend by argument.
It is hard to maintain the truth, but much harder to
be maintained by it. --South.
Syn: To assert; vindicate; allege. See Assert. ObtainingObtain Ob*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Obtained; p. pr. & vb.
n. Obtaining.] [F. obtenir, L. obtinere; ob (see Ob-) +
tenere to hold. See Tenable.]
1. To hold; to keep; to possess. [Obs.]
His mother, then, is mortal, but his Sire He who
obtains the monarchy of heaven. --Milton.
2. To get hold of by effort; to gain possession of; to
procure; to acquire, in any way.
Some pray for riches; riches they obtain. --Dryden.
By guileful fair words peace may be obtained.
--Shak.
It may be that I may obtain children by her. --Gen.
xvi. 2.
Syn: To attain; gain; procure; acquire; win; earn.
Usage: See Attain. -- To Obtain, Get, Gain, Earn,
Acquire. The idea of getting is common to all these
terms. We may, indeed, with only a slight change of
sense, substitute get for either of them; as, to get
or to gain a prize; to get or to obtain an employment;
to get or to earn a living; to get or to acquire a
language. To gain is to get by striving; and as this
is often a part of our good fortune, the word gain is
peculiarly applicable to whatever comes to us
fortuitously. Thus, we gain a victory, we gain a
cause, we gain an advantage, etc. To earn is to
deserve by labor or service; as, to earn good wages;
to earn a triumph. Unfortunately, one does not always
get or obtain what he has earned. To obtain implies
desire for possession, and some effort directed to the
attainment of that which is not immediately within our
reach. Whatever we thus seek and get, we obtain,
whether by our own exertions or those of others;
whether by good or bad means; whether permanently, or
only for a time. Thus, a man obtains an employment; he
obtains an answer to a letter, etc. To acquire is more
limited and specific. We acquire what comes to us
gradually in the regular exercise of our abilities,
while we obtain what comes in any way, provided we
desire it. Thus, we acquire knowledge, property,
honor, reputation, etc. What we acquire becomes, to a
great extent, permanently our own; as, to acquire a
language; to acquire habits of industry, etc. OrdainingOrdain Or*dain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ordained; p. pr. & vb.
n. Ordaining.] [OE. ordeinen, OF. ordener, F. ordonner, fr.
L. ordinare, from ordo, ordinis, order. See Order, and cf.
Ordinance.]
1. To set in order; to arrange according to rule; to
regulate; to set; to establish. ``Battle well ordained.'
--Spenser.
The stake that shall be ordained on either side.
--Chaucer.
2. To regulate, or establish, by appointment, decree, or law;
to constitute; to decree; to appoint; to institute.
Jeroboam ordained a feast in the eighth month. --1
Kings xii. 32.
And doth the power that man adores ordain Their doom
? --Byron.
3. To set apart for an office; to appoint.
Being ordained his special governor. --Shak.
4. (Eccl.) To invest with ministerial or sacerdotal
functions; to introduce into the office of the Christian
ministry, by the laying on of hands, or other forms; to
set apart by the ceremony of ordination.
Meletius was ordained by Arian bishops. --Bp.
Stillingfleet. PertainingPertain Per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained; p. pr. &
vb. n. Pertaining.] [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L.
pertinere to stretch out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to
hold, keep. See Per-, and Tenable, and cf. Appertain,
Pertinent.]
1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on,
something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to
appertain; as, saltness pertains to the ocean; flowers
pertain to plant life.
Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition
which pertaineth not to them. --Hayward.
2. To have relation or reference to something.
These words pertain unto us at this time as they
pertained to them at their time. --Latimer.
Meaning of Aining from wikipedia
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Áine (Irish pronunciation: [ˈaːnʲə]) is an
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wealth and summer:
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