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AerenchymAerenchym A"["e]r*en`chym, Aerenchyma A`["e]r*en"chy*ma, n.
[NL. a["e]renchyma. See A["e]ro-; Enchyma.] (Bot.)
A secondary respiratory tissue or modified periderm, found in
many aquatic plants and distinguished by the large
intercellular spaces. AerenchymaAerenchym A"["e]r*en`chym, Aerenchyma A`["e]r*en"chy*ma, n.
[NL. a["e]renchyma. See A["e]ro-; Enchyma.] (Bot.)
A secondary respiratory tissue or modified periderm, found in
many aquatic plants and distinguished by the large
intercellular spaces. African or French marigoldMarigold Mar"i*gold, n. [Mary + gold.] (Bot.)
A name for several plants with golden yellow blossoms,
especially the Calendula officinalis (see Calendula), and
the cultivated species of Tagetes.
Note: There are several yellow-flowered plants of different
genera bearing this name; as, the African or French
marigold of the genus Tagetes, of which several
species and many varieties are found in gardens. They
are mostly strong-smelling herbs from South America and
Mexico: bur marigold, of the genus Bidens; corn
marigold, of the genus Chrysanthemum (C. segetum,
a pest in the cornfields of Italy); fig marigold, of
the genus Mesembryanthemum; marsh marigold, of the
genus Caltha (C. palustris), commonly known in
America as the cowslip. See Marsh Marigold.
Marigold window. (Arch.) See Rose window, under Rose. Alligator wrench
Alligator wrench Al"li*ga`tor wrench (Mech.)
A kind of pipe wrench having a flaring jaw with teeth on one
side.
BedrenchBedrench Be*drench", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedrenched (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Bedrenching.]
To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak. --Shak. BedrenchedBedrench Be*drench", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedrenched (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Bedrenching.]
To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak. --Shak. BedrenchingBedrench Be*drench", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bedrenched (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Bedrenching.]
To drench; to saturate with moisture; to soak. --Shak. Bothrenchyma
Bothrenchyma Both*ren"chy*ma, n. [Gr. ? pit + ? something
poured in. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.)
Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in
many kinds of wood.
Carriage wrenchWrench Wrench (r[e^]nch), n. [OE. wrench deceit, AS. wrenc
deceit, a twisting; akin to G. rank intrigue, crookedness,
renken to bend, twist, and E. wring. [root]144. See Wring,
and cf. Ranch, v. t.]
1. Trick; deceit; fraud; stratagem. [Obs.]
His wily wrenches thou ne mayst not flee. --Chaucer.
2. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting.
He wringeth them such a wrench. --Skelton.
The injurious effect upon biographic literature of
all such wrenches to the truth, is diffused
everywhere. --De Quincey.
3. A sprain; an injury by twisting, as in a joint.
4. Means; contrivance. [Obs.] --Bacon.
5. An instrument, often a simple bar or lever with jaws or an
angular orifice either at the end or between the ends, for
exerting a twisting strain, as in turning bolts, nuts,
screw taps, etc.; a screw key. Many wrenches have
adjustable jaws for grasping nuts, etc., of different
sizes.
6. (Mech.) The system made up of a force and a couple of
forces in a plane perpendicular to that force. Any number
of forces acting at any points upon a rigid body may be
compounded so as to be equivalent to a wrench.
Carriage wrench, a wrench adapted for removing or
tightening the nuts that confine the wheels on the axles,
or for turning the other nuts or bolts of a carriage or
wagon.
Monkey wrench. See under Monkey.
Wrench hammer, a wrench with the end shaped so as to admit
of being used as a hammer. DrenchDrench Drench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drenched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Drenching.] [AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the
causal of drincan to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw.
dr["a]nka, G. tr["a]nken. See Drink.]
1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a
potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge
violently by physic.
As ``to fell,' is ``to make to fall,' and ``to
lay,' to make to lie.' so ``to drench,' is ``to
make to drink.' --Trench.
2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to
saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse.
Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain; Their
moisture has already drenched the plain. --Dryden. DrenchDrench Drench, n. [AS. drenc. See Drench, v. t.]
A drink; a draught; specifically, a potion of medicine poured
or forced down the throat; also, a potion that causes
purging. ``A drench of wine.' --Dryden.
Give my roan horse a drench. --Shak. Drench
Drench Drench, n. [AS. dreng warrior, soldier, akin to Icel.
drengr.] (O. Eng. Law)
A military vassal mentioned in Domesday Book. [Obs.]
--Burrill.
Drenche
Drenche Drench"e, v. t. & i.
To drown. [Obs.]
In the sea he drenched. --Chaucer.
DrenchedDrench Drench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drenched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Drenching.] [AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the
causal of drincan to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw.
dr["a]nka, G. tr["a]nken. See Drink.]
1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a
potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge
violently by physic.
As ``to fell,' is ``to make to fall,' and ``to
lay,' to make to lie.' so ``to drench,' is ``to
make to drink.' --Trench.
2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to
saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse.
Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain; Their
moisture has already drenched the plain. --Dryden. Drencher
Drencher Drench"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, west or steeps.
2. One who administers a drench.
DrenchingDrench Drench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Drenched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Drenching.] [AS. drencan to give to drink, to drench, the
causal of drincan to drink; akin to D. drenken, Sw.
dr["a]nka, G. tr["a]nken. See Drink.]
1. To cause to drink; especially, to dose by force; to put a
potion down the throat of, as of a horse; hence. to purge
violently by physic.
As ``to fell,' is ``to make to fall,' and ``to
lay,' to make to lie.' so ``to drench,' is ``to
make to drink.' --Trench.
2. To steep in moisture; to wet thoroughly; to soak; to
saturate with water or other liquid; to immerse.
Now dam the ditches and the floods restrain; Their
moisture has already drenched the plain. --Dryden. EntrenchEntrench En*trench", v. t.
See Intrench. FrenchSole Sole, n. [F. sole, L. solea; -- so named from its flat
shape. See Sole of the foot.] (Zo["o]l.)
(a) Any one of several species of flatfishes of the genus
Solea and allied genera of the family Soleid[ae],
especially the common European species (Solea
vulgaris), which is a valuable food fish.
(b) Any one of several American flounders somewhat resembling
the true sole in form or quality, as the California sole
(Lepidopsetta bilineata), the long-finned sole
(Glyptocephalus zachirus), and other species.
Lemon, or French, sole (Zo["o]l.), a European species
of sole (Solea pegusa).
Smooth sole (Zo["o]l.), the megrim. French
French French, n.
1. The language spoken in France.
2. Collectively, the people of France.
French berryAvignon berry A`vignon" ber"ry (Bot.)
The fruit of the Rhamnus infectorius, eand of other species
of the same genus; -- so called from the city of Avignon, in
France. It is used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow.
Called also French berry. French casement French window (Arch.), a casement window in two folds,
usually reaching to the floor; -- called also French
casement.
Window back (Arch.), the inside face of the low, and
usually thin, piece of wall between the window sill and
the floor below.
Window blind, a blind or shade for a window.
Window bole, part of a window closed by a shutter which can
be opened at will. [Scot.]
Window box, one of the hollows in the sides of a window
frame for the weights which counterbalance a lifting sash. French chalkChalk Chalk, n. [AS. cealc lime, from L. calx limestone. See
Calz, and Cawk.]
1. (Min.) A soft, earthy substance, of a white, grayish, or
yellowish white color, consisting of calcium carbonate,
and having the same composition as common limestone.
2. (Fine Arts) Finely prepared chalk, used as a drawing
implement; also, by extension, a compound, as of clay and
black lead, or the like, used in the same manner. See
Crayon.
Black chalk, a mineral of a bluish color, of a slaty
texture, and soiling the fingers when handled; a variety
of argillaceous slate.
By a long chalk, by a long way; by many degrees. [Slang]
--Lowell.
Chalk drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with crayons. See
Crayon.
Chalk formation. See Cretaceous formation, under
Cretaceous.
Chalk line, a cord rubbed with chalk, used for making
straight lines on boards or other material, as a guide in
cutting or in arranging work.
Chalk mixture, a preparation of chalk, cinnamon, and sugar
in gum water, much used in diarrheal affection, esp. of
infants.
Chalk period. (Geol.) See Cretaceous period, under
Cretaceous.
Chalk pit, a pit in which chalk is dug.
Drawing chalk. See Crayon, n., 1.
French chalk, steatite or soapstone, a soft magnesian
mineral.
Red chalk, an indurated clayey ocher containing iron, and
used by painters and artificers; reddle. French ChippendaleChippendale Chip"pen*dale, a.
Designating furniture designed, or like that designed, by
Thomas Chippendale, an English cabinetmaker of the 18th
century. Chippendale furniture was generally of simple but
graceful outline with delicately carved rococo ornamentation,
sculptured either in the solid wood or, in the cheaper
specimens, separately and glued on. In the more elaborate
pieces three types are recognized: French Chippendale,
having much detail, like Louis Quatorze and Louis Quinze;
Chinese Chippendale, marked by latticework and pagodalike
pediments; and Gothic Chippendale, attempting to adapt
medieval details. The forms, as of the cabriole and
chairbacks, often resemble Queen Anne. In chairs, the seat is
widened at the front, and the back toward the top widened and
bent backward, except in Chinese Chippendale, in which the
backs are usually rectangular. -- Chip"pen*dal*ism, n.
It must be clearly and unmistakably understood, then,
that, whenever painted (that is to say, decorated with
painted enrichment) or inlaid furniture is described as
Chippendale, no matter where or by whom, it is a
million chances to one that the description is
incorrect. --R. D. Benn. French mulletMullet Mul"let, n. [OE. molet, mulet, F. mulet, fr. L.
mullus.]
1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of numerous fishes of the genus Mugil;
-- called also gray mullets. They are found on the
coasts of both continents, and are highly esteemed as
food. Among the most valuable species are Mugil capito
of Europe, and M. cephalus which occurs both on the
European and American coasts.
2. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of the genus Mullus, or family
Mullid[ae]; called also red mullet, and surmullet,
esp. the plain surmullet (Mullus barbatus), and the
striped surmullet (M. surmulletus) of Southern Europe.
The former is the mullet of the Romans. It is noted for
the brilliancy of its colors. See Surmullet.
French mullet. See Ladyfish
(a) . French purplePurple Pur"ple, n.; pl. Purples. [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF.
purpre, porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish,
purple dye, fr. Gr. ? the purple fish, a shell from the
purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. ? dark (said of the
sea), purple, ? to grow dark (said of the sea), to be
troubled; perh. akin to L. furere to rage, E. fury: cf. AS.
purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.]
1. A color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a
combination of the primary colors red and blue.
Arraying with reflected purple and gold The clouds
that on his western throne attend. -- Milton.
Note: The ancient words which are translated purple are
supposed to have been used for the color we call
crimson. In the gradations of color as defined in art,
purple is a mixture of red and blue. When red
predominates it is called violet, and when blue
predominates, hyacinth.
2. Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color;
especially, a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or
authority; specifically, the purple rode or mantle worn by
Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial dignity; as, to
put on the imperial purple.
Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of
fine twined linen, and purple, and scarlet. --Ex.
xxvi. 1.
3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or
favor; loosely and colloquially, any exalted station;
great wealth. ``He was born in the purple.' --Gibbon.
4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal.
5. (Zo["o]l.) Any species of large butterflies, usually
marked with purple or blue, of the genus Basilarchia
(formerly Limenitis) as, the banded purple (B.
arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula.
6. (Zo["o]l.) Any shell of the genus Purpura.
7. pl.(Med.) See Purpura.
8. pl. A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle.
Note: Purple is sometimes used in composition, esp. with
participles forming words of obvious signification; as,
purple-colored, purple-hued, purple-stained,
purple-tinged, purple-tinted, and the like.
French purple. (Chem.) Same as Cudbear.
Purple of Cassius. See Cassius.
Purple of mollusca (Zo["o]l.), a coloring matter derived
from certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple
or crimson color, and is supposed to be the substance of
the famous Tyrian dye. It is obtained from Ianthina, and
from several species of Purpura, and Murex.
To be born in the purple, to be of princely birth; to be
highborn. French riceRice Rice, n. [F. riz (cf. Pr. ris, It. riso), L. oryza, Gr.
???, ???, probably from the Persian; cf. OPers. br[=i]zi,
akin to Skr. vr[=i]hi; or perh. akin to E. rye. Cf. Rye.]
(Bot.)
A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This
plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the
grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants.
In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be
overflowed.
Ant rice. (Bot.) See under Ant.
French rice. (Bot.) See Amelcorn.
Indian rice., a tall reedlike water grass (Zizania
aquatica), bearing panicles of a long, slender grain,
much used for food by North American Indians. It is common
in shallow water in the Northern States. Called also
water oat, Canadian wild rice, etc.
Mountain rice, any species of an American genus
(Oryzopsis) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice.
Rice bunting. (Zo["o]l.) Same as Ricebird.
Rice hen (Zo["o]l.), the Florida gallinule.
Rice mouse (Zo["o]l.), a large dark-colored field mouse
(Calomys palistris) of the Southern United States.
Rice paper, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from
China, -- used for painting upon, and for the manufacture
of fancy articles. It is made by cutting the pith of a
large herb (Fatsia papyrifera, related to the ginseng)
into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under
pressure. Called also pith paper.
Rice troupial (Zo["o]l.), the bobolink.
Rice water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small
quantity of rice in water.
Rice-water discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice
water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from
the bowels, in cholera.
Rice weevil (Zo["o]l.), a small beetle (Calandra, or
Sitophilus, oryz[ae]) which destroys rice, wheat, and
Indian corn by eating out the interior; -- called also
black weevil. French riceAmelcorn Am"el*corn`, n. [Ger. amelkorn: cf. MHG. amel, amer,
spelt, and L. amylum starch, Gr. ?.]
A variety of wheat from which starch is produced; -- called
also French rice. French roofRoof Roof, n. [OE. rof, AS. hr?f top, roof; akin to D. roef
cabin, Icel. hr?f a shed under which ships are built or kept;
cf. OS. hr?st roof, Goth. hr?t. Cf. Roost.]
1. (Arch.) The cover of any building, including the roofing
(see Roofing) and all the materials and construction
necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or
other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted
ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the
vault the roof, and the outer protection the roof mask. It
is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling
only, in cases where it has farther covering.
2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or
the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof
of the mouth.
The flowery roof Showered roses, which the morn
repaired. --Milton.
3. (Mining.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying
a bed of coal or a flat vein.
Bell roof, French roof, etc. (Arch.) See under Bell,
French, etc.
Flat roof. (Arch.)
(a) A roof actually horizontal and level, as in some
Oriental buildings.
(b) A roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such material
as allows the water to run off freely from a very
slight inclination.
Roof plate. (Arch.) See Plate, n., 10. French sashSash Sash, n. [F. ch[^a]ssis a frame, sash, fr. ch[^a]sse a
shrine, reliquary, frame, L. capsa. See Case a box.]
1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a
glazed window or door, including the narrow bars between
the panes.
2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is
strained and by which it is carried up and down with a
reciprocating motion; -- also called gate.
French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; -- in
distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down. French window French window (Arch.), a casement window in two folds,
usually reaching to the floor; -- called also French
casement.
Window back (Arch.), the inside face of the low, and
usually thin, piece of wall between the window sill and
the floor below.
Window blind, a blind or shade for a window.
Window bole, part of a window closed by a shutter which can
be opened at will. [Scot.]
Window box, one of the hollows in the sides of a window
frame for the weights which counterbalance a lifting sash.
Meaning of Rench from wikipedia
