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AntepositionAnteposition An`te*po*si"tion, n. [Cf. LL. antepositio. See
Position.] (Gram.)
The placing of a before another, which, by ordinary rules,
ought to follow it. AppositionApposition Ap`po*si"tion, n. [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf.
F. apposition. See Apposite.]
1. The act of adding; application; accretion.
It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter.
--Arbuthnot.
2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side;
also, the condition of being so placed.
3. (Gram.) The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the
same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I
admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second noun explains
or characterizes the first.
Growth by apposition (Physiol.), a mode of growth
characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive
matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an
organ into solid unorganized substance. Appositional
Appositional Ap`po*si"tion*al, a.
Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically.
--Ellicott.
Circumposition
Circumposition Cir`cum*po*si"tion, n. [L. circumpositio, fr.
circumponere, - positium, to place around.]
The act of placing in a circle, or round about, or the state
of being so placed. --Evelyn.
CompositionComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Composition clothComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Composition deedComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Composition metalComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Composition of forcesForce Force, n. [F. force, LL. forcia, fortia, fr. L. fortis
strong. See Fort, n.]
1. Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigor;
might; often, an unusual degree of strength or energy;
capacity of exercising an influence or producing an
effect; especially, power to persuade, or convince, or
impose obligation; pertinency; validity; special
signification; as, the force of an appeal, an argument, a
contract, or a term.
He was, in the full force of the words, a good man.
--Macaulay.
2. Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power;
violence; coercion.
Which now they hold by force, and not by right.
--Shak.
3. Strength or power for war; hence, a body of land or naval
combatants, with their appurtenances, ready for action; --
an armament; troops; warlike array; -- often in the
plural; hence, a body of men prepared for action in other
ways; as, the laboring force of a plantation.
Is Lucius general of the forces? --Shak.
4. (Law)
(a) Strength or power exercised without law, or contrary
to law, upon persons or things; violence.
(b) Validity; efficacy. --Burrill.
5. (Physics) Any action between two bodies which changes, or
tends to change, their relative condition as to rest or
motion; or, more generally, which changes, or tends to
change, any physical relation between them, whether
mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic, or of
any other kind; as, the force of gravity; cohesive force;
centrifugal force.
Animal force (Physiol.), muscular force or energy.
Catabiotic force [Gr. ? down (intens.) + ? life.] (Biol.),
the influence exerted by living structures on adjoining
cells, by which the latter are developed in harmony with
the primary structures.
Centrifugal force, Centripetal force, Coercive force,
etc. See under Centrifugal, Centripetal, etc.
Composition of forces, Correlation of forces, etc. See
under Composition, Correlation, etc.
Force and arms [trans. of L. vi et armis] (Law), an
expression in old indictments, signifying violence.
In force, or Of force, of unimpaired efficacy; valid; of
full virtue; not suspended or reversed. ``A testament is
of force after men are dead.' --Heb. ix. 17.
Metabolic force (Physiol.), the influence which causes and
controls the metabolism of the body.
No force, no matter of urgency or consequence; no account;
hence, to do no force, to make no account of; not to heed.
[Obs.] --Chaucer.
Of force, of necessity; unavoidably; imperatively. ``Good
reasons must, of force, give place to better.' --Shak.
Plastic force (Physiol.), the force which presumably acts
in the growth and repair of the tissues.
Vital force (Physiol.), that force or power which is
inherent in organization; that form of energy which is the
cause of the vital phenomena of the body, as distinguished
from the physical forces generally known.
Syn: Strength; vigor; might; energy; stress; vehemence;
violence; compulsion; coaction; constraint; coercion.
Usage: Force, Strength. Strength looks rather to power as
an inward capability or energy. Thus we speak of the
strength of timber, bodily strength, mental strength,
strength of emotion, etc. Force, on the other hand,
looks more to the outward; as, the force of
gravitation, force of circumstances, force of habit,
etc. We do, indeed, speak of strength of will and
force of will; but even here the former may lean
toward the internal tenacity of purpose, and the
latter toward the outward expression of it in action.
But, though the two words do in a few cases touch thus
closely on each other, there is, on the whole, a
marked distinction in our use of force and strength.
``Force is the name given, in mechanical science, to
whatever produces, or can produce, motion.' --Nichol.
Thy tears are of no force to mollify This flinty
man. --Heywood.
More huge in strength than wise in works he was.
--Spenser.
Adam and first matron Eve Had ended now their
orisons, and found Strength added from above,
new hope to spring Out of despair. --Milton. Composition of forcesComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Composition of proportionComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Composition planeComposition Com`po*si"tion, n. [F. composition, fr. L.
compositio. See Composite.]
1. The act or art of composing, or forming a whole or
integral, by placing together and uniting different
things, parts, or ingredients. In specific uses:
(a) The invention or combination of the parts of any
literary work or discourse, or of a work of art; as,
the composition of a poem or a piece of music. ``The
constant habit of elaborate composition.' --Macaulay.
(b) (Fine Arts) The art or practice of so combining the
different parts of a work of art as to produce a
harmonious whole; also, a work of art considered as
such. See 4, below.
(c) The act of writing for practice in a language, as
English, Latin, German, etc.
(d) (Print.) The setting up of type and arranging it for
printing.
2. The state of being put together or composed; conjunction;
combination; adjustment.
View them in composition with other things. --I.
Watts.
The elementary composition of bodies. --Whewell.
3. A mass or body formed by combining two or more substances;
as, a chemical composition.
A composition that looks . . . like marble.
--Addison.
4. A literary, musical, or artistic production, especially
one showing study and care in arrangement; -- often used
of an elementary essay or translation done as an
educational exercise.
5. Consistency; accord; congruity. [Obs.]
There is no composition in these news That gives
them credit. --Shak.
6. Mutual agreement to terms or conditions for the settlement
of a difference or controversy; also, the terms or
conditions of settlement; agreement.
Thus we are agreed: I crave our composition may be
written. --Shak.
7. (Law) The adjustment of a debt, or avoidance of an
obligation, by some form of compensation agreed on between
the parties; also, the sum or amount of compensation
agreed upon in the adjustment.
Compositions for not taking the order of knighthood.
--Hallam.
Cleared by composition with their creditors.
--Blackstone.
8. Synthesis as opposed to analysis.
The investigation of difficult things by the method
of analysis ought ever to precede the method of
composition. --Sir I.
Newton.
Composition cloth, a kind of cloth covered with a
preparation making it waterproof.
Composition deed, an agreement for composition between a
debtor and several creditors.
Composition plane (Crystallog.), the plane by which the two
individuals of a twin crystal are united in their reserved
positions.
Composition of forces (Mech.), the finding of a single
force (called the resultant) which shall be equal in
effect to two or more given forces (called the components)
when acting in given directions. --Herbert.
Composition metal, an alloy resembling brass, which is
sometimes used instead of copper for sheathing vessels; --
also called Muntz metal and yellow metal.
Composition of proportion (Math.), an arrangement of four
proportionals so that the sum of the first and second is
to the second as the sum of the third and fourth to the
fourth. Contraposition
Contraposition Con"tra*po*si"tion, n. [Pref. contra- +
position: cf. f. conterposition.]
1. A placing over against; opposite position. [Obs.] --F.
Potter.
2. (Logic) A so-called immediate inference which consists in
denying the original subject of the contradictory
predicate; e.g.: Every S is P; therefore, no Not-P is S.
Discomposition
Discomposition Dis*com`po*si"tion, n.
Inconsistency; discordance. [Obs.] --Donne.
Discretive propositionDiscretive Dis*cre"tive, a. [L. discretivus. See Discrete.]
Marking distinction or separation; disjunctive.
Discretive proposition (Logic & Gram.), one that expresses
distinction, opposition, or variety, by means of
discretive particles, as but, though, yet, etc.; as,
travelers change their climate, but not their temper. Disjunctive propositionDisjunctive Dis*junc"tive, a. [L. disjunctivus: cf. F.
disjonctif.]
1. Tending to disjoin; separating; disjoining.
2. (Mus.) Pertaining to disjunct tetrachords. ``Disjunctive
notes.' --Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Disjunctive conjunction (Gram.), one connecting
grammatically two words or clauses, expressing at the same
time an opposition or separation inherent in the notions
or thoughts; as, either, or, neither, nor, but, although,
except, lest, etc.
Disjunctive proposition, one in which the parts are
connected by disjunctive conjunctions; as it is either day
or night.
Disjunctive syllogism (Logic), one in which the major
proposition is disjunctive; as, the earth moves in a
circle or an ellipse; but in does not move in a circle,
therefore it moves in an ellipse. Dispositional
Dispositional Dis`po*si"tion*al, a.
Pertaining to disposition.
Dispositioned
Dispositioned Dis`po*si"tioned, a.
Having (such) a disposition; -- used in compounds; as,
well-dispositioned.
ExpositionExposition Ex`po*si"tion, n. [L. expositio, fr. exponere,
expositum: cf. F. exposition. See Expound.]
1. The act of exposing or laying open; a setting out or
displaying to public view.
2. The act of expounding or of laying open the sense or
meaning of an author, or a passage; explanation;
interpretation; the sense put upon a passage; a law, or
the like, by an interpreter; hence, a work containing
explanations or interpretations; a commentary.
You know the law; your exposition Hath been most
sound. --Shak.
3. Situation or position with reference to direction of view
or accessibility to influence of sun, wind, etc.;
exposure; as, an easterly exposition; an exposition to the
sun. [Obs.] --Arbuthnot.
4. A public exhibition or show, as of industrial and artistic
productions; as, the Paris Exposition of 1878. [A
Gallicism] Friction compositionFtiction Ftic"tion, n. [L. frictio, fr. fricare, frictum,to
rub: cf. F. friction. See Fray to rub, arid cf.
Dentifrice.]
1. The act of rubbing the surface of one body against that of
another; attrition; in hygiene, the act of rubbing the
body with the hand, with flannel, or with a brush etc., to
excite the skin to healthy action.
2. (Mech.) The resistance which a body meets with from the
surface on which it moves. It may be resistance to sliding
motion, or to rolling motion.
3. A clashing between two persons or parties in opinions or
work; a disagreement tending to prevent or retard
progress.
Angle of friction (Mech.), the angle which a plane onwhich
a body is lying makes with a horizontal plane,when the
hody is just ready to slide dewn the plane.
Note: This angle varies for different bodies, and for planes
of different materials.
Anti-friction wheels (Mach.), wheels turning freely on
small pivots, and sustaining, at the angle formed by their
circumferences, the pivot or journal of a revolving shaft,
to relieve it of friction; -- called also friction
wheels.
Friction balls, or
Friction rollers, balls or rollers placed so as to receive
the pressure or weight of bodies in motion, and relieve
friction, as in the hub of a bicycle wheel.
Friction brake (Mach.), a form of dynamometer for measuring
the power a motor exerts. A clamp around the revolving
shaft or fly wheel of the motor resists the motion by its
friction, the work thus absorbed being ascertained by
observing the force required to keep the clamp from
revolving with the shaft; a Prony brake.
Friction chocks, brakes attached to the common standing
garrison carriages of guns, so as to raise the trucks or
wheels off the platform when the gun begins to recoil, and
prevent its running back. --Earrow.
Friction clutch, Friction coupling, an engaging and
disengaging gear for revolving shafts, pulleys, etc.,
acting by friction; esp.:
(a) A device in which a piece on one shaft or pulley is so
forcibly pressed against a piece on another shaft that
the two will revolve together; as, in the
illustration, the cone a on one shaft, when thrust
forcibly into the corresponding hollow cone b on the
other shaft, compels the shafts to rotate together, by
the hold the friction of the conical surfaces gives.
(b) A toothed clutch, one member of which, instead of
being made fast on its shaft, is held by friction and
can turn, by slipping, under excessive strain or in
starting.
Friction drop hammer, one in which the hammer is raised for
striking by the friction of revolving rollers which nip
the hammer rod.
Friction gear. See Frictional gearing, under
Frictional.
Friction machine, an electrical machine, generating
electricity by friction.
Friction meter, an instrument for measuring friction, as in
testing lubricants.
Friction powder, Friction composition, a composition of
chlorate of potassium, antimony, sulphide, etc, which
readily ignites by friction.
Friction primer, Friction tube, a tube used for firing
cannon by means of the friction of a roughened wire in the
friction powder or composition with which the tube is
filled.
Friction wheel (Mach.), one of the wheels in frictional
gearing. See under Frictional. Fugitive compositionsFugitive Fu"gi*tive, a. [OE. fugitif, F. fugitif, fr. L.
fugitivus, fr. fugere to flee. See Bow to bend, and cf.
Feverfew.]
1. Fleeing from pursuit, danger, restraint, etc., escaping,
from service, duty etc.; as, a fugitive solder; a fugitive
slave; a fugitive debtor.
The fugitive Parthians follow. --Shak.
Can a fugitive daughter enjoy herself while her
parents are in tear? --Richardson
A libellous pamphlet of a fugitive physician. --Sir
H. Wotton.
2. Not fixed; not durable; liable to disappear or fall away;
volatile; uncertain; evanescent; liable to fade; --
applied to material and immaterial things; as, fugitive
colors; a fugitive idea.
The me more tender and fugitive parts, the leaves .
. . of vegatables. --Woodward.
Fugitive compositions, Such as are short and occasional,
and so published that they quickly escape notice.
Syn: Fleeting; unstable; wandering; uncertain; volatile;
fugacious; fleeing; evanescent. Growth by appositionApposition Ap`po*si"tion, n. [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf.
F. apposition. See Apposite.]
1. The act of adding; application; accretion.
It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter.
--Arbuthnot.
2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side;
also, the condition of being so placed.
3. (Gram.) The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the
same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I
admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second noun explains
or characterizes the first.
Growth by apposition (Physiol.), a mode of growth
characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive
matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an
organ into solid unorganized substance. ImpositionImposition Im`po*si"tion, n. [F., fr. L. impositio the
application of a name to a thing. See Impone.]
1. The act of imposing, laying on, affixing, enjoining,
inflicting, obtruding, and the like. ``From imposition of
strict laws.' --Milton.
Made more solemn by the imposition of hands.
--Hammond.
2. That which is imposed, levied, or enjoined; charge;
burden; injunction; tax.
3. (Eng. Univ.) An extra exercise enjoined on students as a
punishment. --T. Warton.
4. An excessive, arbitrary, or unlawful exaction; hence, a
trick or deception put on laid on others; cheating; fraud;
delusion; imposture.
Reputation is an idle and most false imposition.
--Shak.
5. (Eccl.) The act of laying on the hands as a religious
ceremoy, in ordination, confirmation, etc.
6. (Print.) The act or process of imosing pages or columns of
type. See Impose, v. t., 4.
Syn: Deceit; fraud; imposture. See Deception. Indefinite propositionIndefinite In*def"i*nite, a. [L. indefinitus. See In- not,
and Definite.]
1. Not definite; not limited, defined, or specified; not
explicit; not determined or fixed upon; not precise;
uncertain; vague; confused; obscure; as, an indefinite
time, plan, etc.
It were to be wished that . . . men would leave off
that indefinite way of vouching, ``the chymists say
this,' or ``the chymists affirm that.' --Boyle.
The time of this last is left indefinite. --Dryden.
2. Having no determined or certain limits; large and
unmeasured, though not infinite; unlimited; as indefinite
space; the indefinite extension of a straight line.
Though it is not infinite, it may be indefinite;
though it is not boundless in itself, it may be so
to human comprehension. --Spectator.
3. Boundless; infinite. [R.]
Indefinite and omnipresent God, Inhabiting eternity.
--W. Thompson
(1745).
4. (Bot.) Too numerous or variable to make a particular
enumeration important; -- said of the parts of a flower,
and the like. Also, indeterminate.
Indefinite article (Gram.), the word a or an, used with
nouns to denote any one of a common or general class.
Indefinite inflorescence. (Bot.) See Indeterminate
inflorescence, under Indeterminate.
Indefinite proposition (Logic), a statement whose subject
is a common term, with nothing to indicate distribution or
nondistribution; as, Man is mortal.
Indefinite term (Logic), a negative term; as, the not-good.
Syn: Inexplicit; vague; uncertain; unsettled; indeterminate;
loose; equivocal; inexact; approximate. Indisposition
Indisposition In*dis`po*si"tion, n. [Cf. F. indisposition.]
1. The state of being indisposed; disinclination; as, the
indisposition of two substances to combine.
A general indisposition towards believing.
--Atterbury.
2. A slight disorder or illness.
Rather as an indisposition in health than as any set
sickness. --Hayward.
Infraposition
Infraposition In`fra*po*si"tion, n. [Infra + position.]
A situation or position beneath. --Kane.
InterpositionInterposition In`ter*po*si"tion (?; 277), n. [L. interpositio
a putting between, insertion, fr. interponere, interpositum:
cf. F. interposition. See Interpone, Position.]
1. The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed;
a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.
2. The thing interposed. JuxtapositionJuxtaposition Jux`ta*po*si"tion, n. [L. juxta near + positio
position: cf. F. juxtaposition. See Just, v. i., and
Position.]
A placing or being placed in nearness or contiguity, or side
by side; as, a juxtaposition of words.
Parts that are united by a a mere juxtaposition.
--Glanvill.
Juxtaposition is a very unsafe criterion of continuity.
--Hare. Key of a positionKey Key (k[=e]), n. [OE. keye, key, kay, AS. c[ae]g.]
1. An instrument by means of which the bolt of a lock is shot
or drawn; usually, a removable metal instrument fitted to
the mechanism of a particular lock and operated by turning
in its place.
2. An instrument which is turned like a key in fastening or
adjusting any mechanism; as, a watch key; a bed key, etc.
3. That part of an instrument or machine which serves as the
means of operating it; as, a telegraph key; the keys of a
pianoforte, or of a typewriter.
4. A position or condition which affords entrance, control,
pr possession, etc.; as, the key of a line of defense; the
key of a country; the key of a political situation. Hence,
that which serves to unlock, open, discover, or solve
something unknown or difficult; as, the key to a riddle;
the key to a problem.
Those who are accustomed to reason have got the true
key of books. --Locke.
Who keeps the keys of all the creeds. --Tennyson.
5. That part of a mechanism which serves to lock up, make
fast, or adjust to position.
6. (Arch.)
(a) A piece of wood used as a wedge.
(b) The last board of a floor when laid down.
7. (Masonry)
(a) A keystone.
(b) That part of the plastering which is forced through
between the laths and holds the rest in place.
8. (Mach.)
(a) A wedge to unite two or more pieces, or adjust their
relative position; a cotter; a forelock. See Illusts.
of Cotter, and Gib.
(b) A bar, pin or wedge, to secure a crank, pulley,
coupling, etc., upon a shaft, and prevent relative
turning; sometimes holding by friction alone, but more
frequently by its resistance to shearing, being
usually embedded partly in the shaft and partly in the
crank, pulley, etc.
9. (Bot.) An indehiscent, one-seeded fruit furnished with a
wing, as the fruit of the ash and maple; a samara; --
called also key fruit.
10. (Mus.)
(a) A family of tones whose regular members are called
diatonic tones, and named key tone (or tonic) or one
(or eight), mediant or three, dominant or five,
subdominant or four, submediant or six, supertonic or
two, and subtonic or seven. Chromatic tones are
temporary members of a key, under such names as ``
sharp four,' ``flat seven,' etc. Scales and tunes
of every variety are made from the tones of a key.
(b) The fundamental tone of a movement to which its
modulations are referred, and with which it generally
begins and ends; keynote.
Both warbling of one song, both in one key.
--Shak.
11. Fig: The general pitch or tone of a sentence or
utterance.
You fall at once into a lower key. --Cowper.
Key bed. Same as Key seat.
Key bolt, a bolt which has a mortise near the end, and is
secured by a cotter or wedge instead of a nut.
Key bugle. See Kent bugle.
Key of a position or country. (Mil.) See Key, 4.
Key seat (Mach.), a bed or groove to receive a key which
prevents one part from turning on the other.
Key way, a channel for a key, in the hole of a piece which
is keyed to a shaft; an internal key seat; -- called also
key seat.
Key wrench (Mach.), an adjustable wrench in which the
movable jaw is made fast by a key.
Power of the keys (Eccl.), the authority claimed by the
ministry in some Christian churches to administer the
discipline of the church, and to grant or withhold its
privileges; -- so called from the declaration of Christ,
``I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of
heaven.' --Matt. xvi. 19. Leaves of propositionProposition Prop`o*si"tion, n. [L. propositio: cf. F.
proposition. See Propound.]
1. The act of setting or placing before; the act of offering.
``Oblations for the altar of proposition.' --Jer. Taylor.
2. That which is proposed; that which is offered, as for
consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as,
the enemy made propositions of peace; his proposition was
not accepted.
3. A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith;
creed; as, the propositions of Wyclif and Huss.
Some persons . . . change their propositions
according as their temporal necessities or
advantages do turn. --Jer. Taylor.
4. (Gram. & Logic) A complete sentence, or part of a sentence
consisting of a subject and predicate united by a copula;
a thought expressed or propounded in language; a from of
speech in which a predicate is affirmed or denied of a
subject; as, snow is white.
5. (Math.) A statement in terms of a truth to be
demonstrated, or of an operation to be performed.
Note: It is called a theorem when it is something to be
proved, and a problem when it is something to be done.
6. (Rhet.) That which is offered or affirmed as the subject
of the discourse; anything stated or affirmed for
discussion or illustration.
7. (Poetry) The part of a poem in which the author states the
subject or matter of it.
Leaves of proposition (Jewish Antiq.), the showbread.
--Wyclif (Luke vi. 4).
Syn: Proposal; offer; statement; declaration.
Usage: Proposition, Proposal. These words are both from
the Latin verb proponere, to set forth, and as here
compared they mark different forms or stages of a
negotiation. A proposition is something presented for
discussion or consideration; as, propositions of
peace. A proposal is some definite thing offered by
one party to be accepted or rejected by the other. If
the proposition is favorably received, it is usually
followed by proposals which complete the arrangement.
Meaning of Positio from wikipedia
