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Australian
Australian Aus*tra"li*an, a. [From L. Terra Australis southern
land.]
Of or pertaining to Australia. -- n. A native or an
inhabitant of Australia.
Australian ant-eaterEchidna E*chid"na, n. [L., a viper, adder, Gr. ?.]
1. (Gr. Myth.) A monster, half maid and half serpent.
2. (Zo["o]l.) A genus of Monotremata found in Australia,
Tasmania, and New Guinea. They are toothless and covered
with spines; -- called also porcupine ant-eater, and
Australian ant-eater. Australian ballot
Australian ballot Aus*tra"li*an bal"lot (Law)
A system of balloting or voting in public elections,
originally used in South Australia, in which there is such an
arrangement for polling votes that secrecy is compulsorily
maintained, and the ballot used is an official ballot printed
and distributed by the government.
Australian honeysuckleHoneysuckle Hon"ey*suc`kle, n. [Cf. AS. hunis?ge privet. See
Honey, and Suck.] (Bot.)
One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for
their beauty, and some for their fragrance.
Note: The honeysuckles are properly species of the genus
Lonicera; as, L. Caprifolium, and L. Japonica,
the commonly cultivated fragrant kinds; L.
Periclymenum, the fragrant woodbine of England; L.
grata, the American woodbine, and L. sempervirens,
the red-flowered trumpet honeysuckle. The European fly
honeysuckle is L. Xylosteum; the American, L.
ciliata. The American Pinxter flower (Azalea
nudiflora) is often called honeysuckle, or false
honeysuckle. The name Australian honeysuckle is
applied to one or more trees of the genus Banksia.
See French honeysuckle, under French. Australian lancewoodLancewood Lance"wood`, n. (Bot.)
A tough, elastic wood, often used for the shafts of gigs,
archery bows, fishing rods, and the like. Also, the tree
which produces this wood, Duguetia Quitarensis (a native of
Guiana and Cuba), and several other trees of the same family
(Anonase[ae]).
Australian lancewood, a myrtaceous tree (Backhousia
Australis). Australian nettleNettle Net"tle, n. [AS. netele; akin to D. netel, G. nessel,
OHG. nezz["i]la, nazza, Dan. nelde, n["a]lde, Sw. n["a]ssla;
cf, Lith. notere.] (Bot.)
A plant of the genus Urtica, covered with minute sharp
hairs containing a poison that produces a stinging sensation.
Urtica gracitis is common in the Northern, and U.
cham[ae]dryoides in the Southern, United States. the common
European species, U. urens and U. dioica, are also found
in the Eastern united States. U. pilulifera is the Roman
nettle of England.
Note: The term nettle has been given to many plants related
to, or to some way resembling, the true nettle; as:
Australian nettle, a stinging tree or shrub of the genus
Laportea (as L. gigas and L. moroides); -- also
called nettle tree.
Bee nettle, Hemp nettle, a species of Galeopsis. See
under Hemp.
Blind nettle, Dead nettle, a harmless species of
Lamium.
False nettle (B[ae]hmeria cylindrica), a plant common in
the United States, and related to the true nettles.
Hedge nettle, a species of Stachys. See under Hedge.
Horse nettle (Solanum Carolinense). See under Horse.
nettle tree.
(a) Same as Hackberry.
(b) See Australian nettle (above).
Spurge nettle, a stinging American herb of the Spurge
family (Jatropha urens).
Wood nettle, a plant (Laportea Canadensis) which stings
severely, and is related to the true nettles.
Nettle cloth, a kind of thick cotton stuff, japanned, and
used as a substitute for leather for various purposes.
Nettle rash (Med.), an eruptive disease resembling the
effects of whipping with nettles.
Sea nettle (Zo["o]l.), a medusa. Australian or NativeSloth Sloth, n. [OE. slouthe, sleuthe, AS. sl?w?, fr. sl[=a]w
slow. See Slow.]
1. Slowness; tardiness.
These cardinals trifle with me; I abhor This
dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome. --Shak.
2. Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness;
idleness.
[They] change their course to pleasure, ease, and
sloth. --Milton.
Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears.
--Franklin.
3. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of arboreal
edentates constituting the family Bradypodid[ae], and
the suborder Tardigrada. They have long exserted limbs and
long prehensile claws. Both jaws are furnished with teeth
(see Illust. of Edentata), and the ears and tail are
rudimentary. They inhabit South and Central America and
Mexico.
Note: The three-toed sloths belong to the genera Bradypus
and Arctopithecus, of which several species have been
described. They have three toes on each foot. The
best-known species are collared sloth (Bradypus
tridactylus), and the ai (Arctopitheus ai). The
two-toed sloths, consisting the genus Cholopus, have
two toes on each fore foot and three on each hind foot.
The best-known is the unau (Cholopus didactylus) of
South America. See Unau. Another species (C.
Hoffmanni) inhabits Central America. Various large
extinct terrestrial edentates, such as Megatherium and
Mylodon, are often called sloths.
Australian, or Native sloth (Zo["o]l.), the koala.
Sloth animalcule (Zo["o]l.), a tardigrade.
Sloth bear (Zo["o]l.), a black or brown long-haired bear
(Melursus ursinus, or labiatus), native of India and
Ceylon; -- called also aswail, labiated bear, and
jungle bear. It is easily tamed and can be taught many
tricks.
Sloth monkey (Zo["o]l.), a loris. Australian or SheOak Oak ([=o]k), n. [OE. oke, ok, ak, AS. [=a]c; akin to D.
eik, G. eiche, OHG. eih, Icel. eik, Sw. ek, Dan. eeg.]
1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus Quercus. The oaks
have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and
staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut,
called an acorn, which is more or less inclosed in a
scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now
recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly
fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe,
Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few
barely reaching the northern parts of South America and
Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand
proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually
hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary
rays, forming the silver grain.
2. The strong wood or timber of the oak.
Note: Among the true oaks in America are:
Barren oak, or
Black-jack, Q. nigra.
Basket oak, Q. Michauxii.
Black oak, Q. tinctoria; -- called also yellow or
quercitron oak.
Bur oak (see under Bur.), Q. macrocarpa; -- called also
over-cup or mossy-cup oak.
Chestnut oak, Q. Prinus and Q. densiflora.
Chinquapin oak (see under Chinquapin), Q. prinoides.
Coast live oak, Q. agrifolia, of California; -- also
called enceno.
Live oak (see under Live), Q. virens, the best of all
for shipbuilding; also, Q. Chrysolepis, of California.
Pin oak. Same as Swamp oak.
Post oak, Q. obtusifolia.
Red oak, Q. rubra.
Scarlet oak, Q. coccinea.
Scrub oak, Q. ilicifolia, Q. undulata, etc.
Shingle oak, Q. imbricaria.
Spanish oak, Q. falcata.
Swamp Spanish oak, or
Pin oak, Q. palustris.
Swamp white oak, Q. bicolor.
Water oak, Q. aguatica.
Water white oak, Q. lyrata.
Willow oak, Q. Phellos. Among the true oaks in Europe
are:
Bitter oak, or
Turkey oak, Q. Cerris (see Cerris).
Cork oak, Q. Suber.
English white oak, Q. Robur.
Evergreen oak,
Holly oak, or
Holm oak, Q. Ilex.
Kermes oak, Q. coccifera.
Nutgall oak, Q. infectoria.
Note: Among plants called oak, but not of the genus
Quercus, are:
African oak, a valuable timber tree (Oldfieldia
Africana).
Australian, or She, oak, any tree of the genus
Casuarina (see Casuarina).
Indian oak, the teak tree (see Teak).
Jerusalem oak. See under Jerusalem.
New Zealand oak, a sapindaceous tree (Alectryon
excelsum).
Poison oak, the poison ivy. See under Poison. Australian pitcher plantPitcher Pitch"er, n. [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar,
pehh[=a]ri; prob. of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf.
Beaker.]
1. A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a
spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar
with a large ear or handle.
2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the
leaves of certain plants.
American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See
Sarracenia.
Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a
low saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical
leaves, some oblanceolate and entire, others transformed
into little ovoid pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged
and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid shaped like a
cockleshell.
California pitcher plant, the Darlingtonia California.
See Darlingtonia.
Pitcher plant, any plant with the whole or a part of the
leaves transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs,
especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes. Australian plum Note: Two or three hundred varieties of plums derived from
the Prunus domestica are described; among them the
greengage, the Orleans, the purple gage, or
Reine Claude Violette, and the German prune, are
some of the best known.
Note: Among the true plums are;
Beach plum, the Prunus maritima, and its crimson or
purple globular drupes,
Bullace plum. See Bullace.
Chickasaw plum, the American Prunus Chicasa, and its
round red drupes.
Orleans plum, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size,
much grown in England for sale in the markets.
Wild plum of America, Prunus Americana, with red or
yellow fruit, the original of the Iowa plum and several
other varieties. Among plants called plum, but of other
genera than Prunus, are;
Australian plum, Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of
the same family with the persimmon.
Blood plum, the West African H[ae]matostaphes Barteri.
Cocoa plum, the Spanish nectarine. See under Nectarine.
Date plum. See under Date.
Gingerbread plum, the West African Parinarium
macrophyllum.
Gopher plum, the Ogeechee lime.
Gray plum, Guinea plum. See under Guinea.
Indian plum, several species of Flacourtia.
2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.
3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant
language, the sum of [pounds]100,000 sterling; also, the
person possessing it.
Plum bird, Plum budder (Zo["o]l.), the European
bullfinch.
Plum gouger (Zo["o]l.), a weevil, or curculio (Coccotorus
scutellaris), which destroys plums. It makes round holes
in the pulp, for the reception of its eggs. The larva
bores into the stone and eats the kernel.
Plum weevil (Zo["o]l.), an American weevil which is very
destructive to plums, nectarines cherries, and many other
stone fruits. It lays its eggs in crescent-shaped
incisions made with its jaws. The larva lives upon the
pulp around the stone. Called also turk, and plum
curculio. See Illust. under Curculio. Australian sassafrasSassafras Sas"sa*fras, n. [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso,
sassafras, Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia,
saxifragia), fr. L. saxifraga saxifrage. See Saxifrage.]
(Bot.)
An American tree of the Laurel family (Sassafras
officinale); also, the bark of the roots, which has an
aromatic smell and taste.
Australian sassafras, a lofty tree (Doryophora Sassafras)
with aromatic bark and leaves.
Chilian sassafras, an aromatic tree (Laurelia
sempervirens).
New Zealand sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Nov[ae]
Zelandi[ae]).
Sassafras nut. See Pichurim bean.
Swamp sassafras, the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See
Magnolia.
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