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which persisted until the
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Syria and
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Under Ottoman Rule:
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understood in
light of
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Abdul Karim Rafeq. Dr.
Shimon Shamir states that "although none of the
views is supported...
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Karim Rafeq, who
wrote an
extensive study on
Ottoman Palestine, came
across the term a
number of
times [Footnote]: Abdul-Karim
Rafeq, "Filastin fi...
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Joudah 2013, p. 36.
Rafeq 1966, p. 130.
Philipp 2001, pp. 33, 208,
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hands of its
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Rafeq 2000, p. 70. Al-'Asali,
Kamal J. (2000). "The Cemeteries...
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Syria and
Bilad Al-Sham
Under Ottoman Rule:
Essays in
Honour of
Abdul Karim Rafeq. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18193-9.
Archived from the
original on
January 15...
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Syria and
Bilad Al-Sham
Under Ottoman Rule:
Essays in
Honour of
Abdul Karim Rafeq. Leiden: Brill. pp. 483–498. ISBN 978-90-04-18193-9. Fowden,
Elizabeth Kay...
