Definition of Probabilities. Meaning of Probabilities. Synonyms of Probabilities

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Definition of Probabilities

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Calculus of probabilities
Calculus Cal"cu*lus, n.; pl. Calculi. [L, calculus. See Calculate, and Calcule.] 1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc. 2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation. Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which co["e]fficients or weights are ascribed. Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions. Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance. Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change. Differential calculus, a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it. Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of exponents. Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra. Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.

Meaning of Probabilities from wikipedia

- This is referred to as theoretical probability (in contrast to empirical probability, dealing with probabilities in the context of real experiments)...
- to different probability judgments, these agents' probabilities are "personal" (but amenable to objective study). Personal probabilities are problematic...
- unification of discrete and continuous probabilities, measure-theoretic treatment also allows us to work on probabilities outside Rn{\displaystyle \mathbb {R}...
- interval. Since the probabilities of independent events multiply, and logarithms convert multiplication to addition, log probabilities of independent events...
- upper probabilities, or interval probabilities belief functions possibility and necessity measures lower and upper previsions comparative probability orderings...
- In probability theory, the law (or formula) of total probability is a fundamental rule relating marginal probabilities to conditional probabilities. It...
- how negative probabilities as well as probabilities above unity possibly could be useful in probability calculations. Negative probabilities have later...
- In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is the mathematical function that gives the probabilities of occurrence of different...
- the two probabilities can lead to various errors of reasoning, which is commonly seen through base rate fallacies. While conditional probabilities can provide...
- derive an estimate of the probability of the specified event An advantage of estimating probabilities using empirical probabilities is that this procedure...