- 16th century,
claims about birkarls coming from
Great Pirkkala (a
parish in
Upper Sata****a) emerged,
propagated by
birkarls themselves in
their battle...
- the
Birkarls were
ancestors of
modern Tornedalians, as can be
proved via tax and
church records available from 1539 and onwards. The
birkarls were slowly...
-
chosen from the
signing in 1328 of a
state treaty between Sweden and the
Birkarls,
known as Tälje
Charter ("Tälje stadga" in Swedish). In that treaty, the...
- pay
taxes to all
surrounding powers at the same time,
including to the
Birkarls from
Swedish Finland. For
Latin and
Russian texts of the treaty, see S...
- "lappmarks"
whose Sami
people were
loosely governed either by the
crown or
birkarls. The
purpose of
lappmarks was
largely colonial in nature. Originally, each...
- Matias; Swedish:
Matts Kurck) was a
legendary Finnish chieftain of the
birkarls. If he was a real person, he is
thought to have
lived in the late 13th...
-
taxes on the
freed serfs.
State serfs were eman****ted in 1866.
Alipin Birkarls Coolie Encomienda –
Spanish serfdom transplanted to the
Americas Fengjian...
-
eastern half of Sweden, Finland—the most
important of
which were
known as
Birkarls—controlled the
trade and even the
taxing on the area long into the 16th...
- rule
would become the
nation we now know as Finland.[citation needed]
Birkarls List of
treaties Georg Haggren,
Petri Halinen, Mika Lavento, Sami Raninen...
-
record written in
Swedish –
mention the
Birkarls (bircharlaboa).
Based on the
information revealed, the
Birkarls then
inhabited areas, e.g., in Northern...
