- A
protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like
chain of
cells that
forms the
earliest stage of
development of the
gametophyte (the
haploid phase)...
- its
juvenile form, the
protonema,
under the
influence of
phytohormones (mainly cytokinins).
Whereas the
filamentous protonema grows by
apical cell division...
- moss life-cycle
starts with a
haploid spore that
germinates to
produce a
protonema (pl. protonemata),
which is
either a m**** of thread-like
filaments or...
- of the moss. To
ensure a
maximum growth rate, the moss is kept at the
protonema stage by
continuous mechanical disruption, e.g. by
using rotating blades...
-
become thalloid, and can
produce a few rhizoids. Soon afterwards, the
protonema develops buds and
these differentiate into its characteristic, erect,...
-
spore germinates. In
either case, the
protonema is a
transitory stage in the life of a hornwort. From the
protonema grows the
adult gametophyte,
which is...
-
haploid spore to
produce a
protonema,
which is
either a m**** of thread-like
filaments or a
flattened thallus. The
protonema is a
transitory stage in the...
-
Helicobasidium brebissonii (Desm.) Donk (1958)
Hypochnus purpureus Tul. (1865)
Protonema brebissonii Desm. (1834)
Rhizoctonia asparagi ****el (1870) Rhizoctonia...
- now
placed in its own
monotypic order, Mitteniales. It has
luminescent protonema. Goffinet, B.; Buck, W. R.; Shaw, A. J. (2008). "Morphology and classification...
-
growing on
potato dextrose agar Knop agar is used to
axenically culture protonema and
whole moss plants, such as
those of
Physcomitrella patens, a model...
