- In
causal inference, a
confounder (also
confounding variable,
confounding factor,
extraneous determinant or
lurking variable) is a
variable that influences...
- X and Y are
confounded (by some
confounder variable Z).: 151 Earlier,
allegedly incorrect definitions of
confounder include:: 152 "Any
variable that...
- not take up
their offers of employment. In 1997, he
formed the
company Confounding Factor along with co-developer Paul Douglas, who had
worked with Gard...
-
tower with its top in the sky. Yahweh,
observing their city and tower,
confounds their speech so that they can no
longer understand each other, and scatters...
- to
identify important confounders (backdoor
criterion is used for the identification).
Without having one, a
possible confounder might remain unnoticed...
- [citation needed]
Colliders are
sometimes confused with
confounder variables.
Unlike colliders,
confounder variables should be
controlled for when estimating...
-
baseline mathematical knowledge is not a
confounder, and conversely, if
baseline mathematical knowledge is a
confounder, the
expected value of D will generally...
- the flat-bottomed
hulls of the 1794-1800 designs, by the time of the
Confounder class the
hulls had
achieved a
relatively sharp cross-section, as performance...
- third,
unseen factor (referred to as a "common
response variable", "
confounding factor", or "lurking variable"). An
example of a
spurious relationship...
-
negative correlation, the
reversal having been
brought about by a "lurking"
confounder.
Berman et al. give an
example from economics,
where a
dataset suggests...
